Turn suitable yard and kitchen scraps into a useful soil amendment, one season at a time. Ontario's changing seasons and diverse landscapes make even a small backyard a fascinating place to observe nature.
What composting does
Microorganisms and soil organisms break down organic matter into a dark, crumbly material that can improve garden soil structure.
Balance greens and browns
Mix nitrogen-rich materials such as vegetable scraps and fresh plant trimmings with carbon-rich dry leaves, shredded plain cardboard and small twigs.
What to avoid
For a basic backyard bin, avoid meat, dairy, oily foods and pet waste, which can attract pests or create hygiene concerns. Do not add invasive plants or seed-bearing invasive material.
Keep the pile comfortable
Aim for moisture like a wrung-out sponge and allow airflow by mixing materials. If it smells unpleasant, add dry browns and turn the pile; if dry, add water.
Composting through winter
Cold Ontario winters slow decomposition. Continue adding suitable material if the bin is accessible; activity resumes as temperatures warm.
Use finished compost
Apply mature compost to garden beds when it is dark and earthy-smelling with few recognizable scraps. Municipal composting rules and wildlife-proof bin requirements vary.
Keep exploring
Every backyard can become a little more welcoming to nature. Start with one change, notice what visits, and build on what works.